Research shows how medicine for the brain can be absorbed through the nose

Research shows how medicine for the brain can be absorbed through the nose
-University of Southern Denmark. "Research shows how medicine for the brain can be absorbed through the nose." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 27 Sep. 2013. Web. 27 Sep. 2013.

Editor's notes:
There may be a wonderful use for nasal administration in the treatment of medically resistant pituitary prolactinomas.  These are commonly treated medically by oral administration of the dopamine agonists cabergoline (CAB) or bromocriptine (BRO).  But in some patients normalization of PRL (prolactin) levels is not achieved with even unusually high doses of CAB or BRO. If CAB or BRO can be delivered effectively to the brain via nasal administration, it may be possible to produce higher therapeutic levels of the drug at the pituitary tumor while avoiding the undesired increased exposure to other systems which may be affected: such as the kidneys, pancreas, and immune system.

Cref: Dopamine -Wikipedia

Mechanical ventilation can cause brain damage through dopamine induced apoptosis in hippocampus

Triggers Hippocampal Apoptosis by Vagal and Dopaminergic Pathways
-Adrián González-López, Inés López-Alonso, et al.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 188, Issue 6, 15 September 2013.
Researchers find why ICU ventilation can cause brain damage
-Medical News Today, 26 September 2013.

Excerpts:

• Patients who have been mechanically ventilated in intensive care units have long been known to suffer some form of mental impairment as a result. Now, researchers have uncovered a molecular mechanism that may explain why this happens.
• In comparison with the control mice, the mice on ventilation showed evidence of neuronal cell death in the hippocampus as a result of apoptosis - the process of programmed cell death. The research team discovered that the apoptosis process was caused by dopamine-induced suppression of Akt - a molecule that usually prevents neuronal apoptosis.
• The research team discovered that the apoptosis process was caused by dopamine-induced suppression of Akt - a molecule that usually prevents neuronal apoptosis.

Post-surgical follow-up of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with MEN1

Post-surgical follow-up of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

-Flavia L. Coutinho, Delmar M. Lourenco, Jr.,I Rodrigo A. Toledo, Fabio L. M. Montenegro, and Sergio P. A. Toledo
Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012 April; 67(Suppl 1): 169–172.
doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(Sup01)28. PMCID: PMC3328812

• In patients with hyperparathyroidism and MEN1, parathyroidectomy in most cases "was able to restore normal calcium/parathyroid hormone levels and ultimately lead to discontinuation of calcium and calcitriol supplementation."